www.europeanparking.eu publication of the European Parking Association | Volume 38 | no. 4-2022 12 Outlook 2022/2023 Top events in parking industry 21 EV Charging Study Degrees of development 33 Resident parking Empirical observations Austria | Belgium | Cyprus | Finland | France | Germany | Ireland | Italy | Luxembourg | Portugal | Slovak Republik | Slovenia | Spain | The Netherlands: 8.50 Euro Croatia 63.75 Kuna, Great Britain 7.50 Pound Sterling, Hungary 2,550 Forint, Norway 74.50 NOK, Poland 39.10 Zloty, Sweden 80 SEK, Switzerland 15.75 CHF

EDITORIAL << Nigel Williams Dear colleagues, As 2022 draws to a close, parking manage- ment and our related activities are increas- ingly recognised as key elements to success- fully deliver sustainable mobility. This rec- ognition is often accompanied by a focus on policies to restrain private car use in our cities. We may not like this, however, it is the context within which we must operate and find ways to thrive going forward. Until recently parking was of little inter- est to the EU Commission. It was viewed as a purely domestic, local matter. This view has changed dramatically and, as I outlined in the last edition of PTI, we need to build a presence in Brussels so that our members’ views are heard and seriously considered by the Commission. The EPA Board and the P&S Committee members are working in- tensely with me on this complex and chal- lenging task. We are finalising a Business Plan and a detailed Action Plan to deliver the ‘Vision for the Future of EPA’ that was presented and approved at the AGM in Brussels. Watch for a progress update in the next edition of PTI. Following on from this year’s successful Congress and Exhibition in Brussels, we have started planning the next EPA Con- gress, which will again be held in Brussels, in 2024. Philip de Brabanter has agreed to chair the Steering Committee for this our 21st Congress and Theo Thuis will once again chair the Scientific and Technical Committee. We will keep you informed as plans evolve. The PTI team has prepared an insightful outlook (pp. 12-17) on forthcoming events in the parking and mobility sector for the last weeks of 2022, and into 2023. The EV Charging Study, conducted on our behalf by the Erasmus University of Rotterdam, provides an overview as well as highlighting the key challenges concerning electric vehicle (EV) charging in Europe. As we all know one of the biggest challenges is making public charging widely available. There are several approaches to this, and the goal must be to unify them as much as pos- sible. On pages 21-22 you will find a sum- mary of the study’s conclusions. As Peter Dingemans presented at the Congress in Brussels, the European Stand- ard Parking Award (ESPA) Off-Street has been updated and modified to take account of the new context in which our industry must operate. Peter Dingemans led the team of EPA experts who reviewed and revised the Award. The result is in an updated checklist including EV charging, digital ac- cess and payment schemes, and mobility hubs. The ESPA Award plaque was rede- signed, and the rules and regulations up- dated. If you work for a national association or a parking operator, I strongly recom- mend that you read the article on p. 23. Also in this issue, we continue our series featuring EPA members. This time the spot- light is on Norpark – Norwegian Parking Association. Don’t miss it, it’s on page 24. I wish you and those dear to you, a joyful holiday season and a healthy and prosper- ous start to the New Year. Best wishes, Nigel Williams President – European Parking Association Parking trend international no. 4-2022 3 3

p u o r g s l e g a n : o t o h p e l t i T CONTENTS << 18 30 41 Parking trend international no. 4-2022 5

HecPay Eco - Authorize Numerous Barrier-Free Charging Points One payment terminal for several charging points Significant reduction of costs Standard connectivity via OCPP Common payment & authorization methods Robust housing for outdoor use Comprehensive after-sales service BUSINESS NEWS << Frédéric Beylier succeeds Bertrand Barthelemy After 12 years as CEO, Bertrand Barthelemy has announced his decision to step back from his operational role and to focus on his posi- tion as a board member of Flowbird. The lead- ing provider equipment, parking management software and transport ticketing solutions, as well as in mobility payment services, present- ed Frédéric Beylier as new CEO. “I am proud of all that has been accom- plished while I have been leading Flowbird. By listening to our clients and leaning on innovative technologies and our sector ex- pertise, we have evolved our equipment, bringing value to cities thanks to software offers and payment services,” said Barthele- my. “I am grateful for everyone’s efforts, for each team member who contributed to this first major step in our transformation – a transformation that has made us a player in mobility payment. Creating a managerial team that looks ahead to a ten-year horizon was important for me. I have every confi- Frédéric Beylier, CEO of Flowbird Bertrand Barthelemy, Flowbird board member dence in Frédéric to lead it, and I wish him every success.” “I am thrilled to join Flowbird at this crucial moment in their development. We will rely on the company’s foundations to develop new technologies and services that benefit our clients, in a world where envi- ronmental and digital transitions are at the heart of everything we do,” declared Frédé- n ric Beylier. d r i b w o F © l Parking at Milano Aiport offered via Parkos Parking comparison platform for airport parking, Parkos, and Sacbo, the manage- ment company for the Milan Bergamo Air- port, have entered into a partnership to offer the official parking spaces at the airport via the Parkos platform. “We are excited to offer our customers a seamless way to book a parking spot at Orio al Serio Airport via our platform and get the op- portunity to help Sacbo to get more revenue,” said Arne Bos, Parkos Managing Director. Parkos will now include two parking areas at the airport in its comparison: P2, which is close to the terminal in front of the airport with a capacity of more than 2,500 cars, and P3-Smart, which is further away but comes with a shuttle service. P3 offers 5,000 spots. Both parking areas are open 24 hours a day. Milan Bergamo Airport is located in the Lombardy region of Italy, near Milan and Ber- gamo and offers flights to over 130 destina- n tions with 20 airlines. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 7 Do not hesitate to contact us: Hectronic GmbH | Allmendstrasse 15 D-79848 Bonndorf | Tel. +49 7703 9388-0 mail@hectronic.com www.hectronic.com

BUSINESS NEWS << Philippe Op de Beeck leads APCOA PARKING in Germany Philippe Op de Beeck, CEO of the APCOA PARKING Group, will take over the busi- ness of APCOA PARKING Deutschland GmbH on an interim basis as of September 1, 2022. He replaces the previous Managing Director Hansjörg Votteler, who will be de- voting himself to new professional tasks in the future. The chosen interim solution ensures continuity and at the same time is intended to provide new momentum. The company is currently is expanding intensively in the ar- ea of urban hubs and is continuing digitali- sation through the nationwide introduction of license plate recognition. APCOA is also preparing for further rapid growth of its electric charging infrastructure. Philippe Op de Beeck has been CEO of APCOA PARKING Group since 2016 and during this time has driven the transforma- tion of the group from a pure parking oper- ator to a digitally networked and market- oriented service provider for parking, mo- n bility and urban services. Philippe Op de Beeck, CEO of the APCOA PARKING Group Investments of more than 1 billion euros in e-vehicles p u o r G G N I K R A P A O C P A © Internet giant Amazon is investing more than 1 billion euros in Europe in the electri- fication and decarbonisation of its own transport network. The investments are in- tended to drive innovation across the traffic and transportation sector and the expansion of public charging infrastructure. The company already operates thousands of zero-emission vehicles in Europe and plans to add thousands more electric vehicles to its fleet. "Decarbonising our transportation net- work is one of the most challenging areas of our business. Achieving net zero emissions here will require significant and sustained in- vestment," says Andy Jassy, CEO of Amazon. In this context, the company is also increas- ingly relying on deliveries on foot or by bicy- cle. To this end, so-called micro hubs, smaller, centrally located delivery stations in tradition- ally densely populated cities, have been set up in more than 20 European cities. The number is to be doubled by the end of 2025. Amazon also plans to invest in thousands of charging stations at its European locations. Hundreds of special fast-charging stations will be set up to power the electric trucks, allowing n them to recharge in around two hours. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 Amazon is investing in zero-emission delivery fleet. n o z a m A © 9 9

BUSINESS NEWS << PKE Designa Parking Systems GmbH has become a full DESIGNA subsidiary for Austria DESIGNA reference in Austria: Seestadt Aspern in Vienna’s 22nd district is one of the largest urban development projects in Europe. Built in 2021 and operated by Goldbeck Parking GmbH, the “Kulturgarage” is equipped with DESIGNA technology. standing Designa partner. NextGen’s cur- rent management remains in place and will continue to operate as a wholly owned sub- sidiary of the German parent company while plans for integration with DESIGNA USA are finalized. Dr. Martin Waldhäusl, CEO of MTH, said: “I am very pleased to have NextGen’s entire team on board. We look forward to their technical expertise and leadership in the US market. The full integration of Next- Gen is an important step for DESIGNA as a group and will strengthen our leadership in global parking technology”. The US market is DESIGNA’s largest, most lucrative, and challenging, having tre- mendous potential for growth. DESIGNA USA and NextGen will merge to form a new US-based entity which will pursue broader opportunities and expand market presence. NextGen’s current CEO John Curtiss as- sumes leadership for all DESIGNA activities in the U.S. and will oversee the integration of business operations. Global DESIGNA CEO Oliver Suter ex- plains: “The integration of NextGen aligns perfectly with our growth strategy for digiti- zation in the parking industry. John Curtiss and his team will provide leadership and the foundation for our future growth and suc- n cess in the US market.” A N G I S E D © PKE DESIGNA Parking Systems GmbH is now fully integrated into the DESIGNA Group as a branch for Austria. The previous joint venture between PKE Holding AG and DESIGNA Verkehrsleittechnik GmbH will be further developed as a fully-integrated DES- IGNA in Austria. DESIGNA Verkehrsleittech- nik GmbH in Kiel, Germany, which belongs to the Viennese MTH Group, has fully reinte- grated the shares from PKE. As an important technology partner, PKE AG will continue implementing projects with DESIGNA parking solutions in Austria and Switzerland. The team is currently unchanged, and Gerhard Uibeleis will accompany the transition at the DESIGNA subsidiary in Aus- tria as managing director. DESIGNA's global, international business field is increasingly be- ing operated with fully owned branches, and customers thus benefit from holistic and more efficient products and services. A fully inte- grated DESIGNA in Austria also fits perfectly into the growth and digitization strategy of the global DESIGNA Group. DESIGNA strengthens presence with consolidation in US Market DESIGNA Verkehrsleittechnik GmbH has acquired NextGen Parking, LLC, of Hou- ston, Texas. NextGen is a provider of inte- grated parking management systems in the Central and Southeastern U.S. and a long- g n i k r a P n e G t x e N © Solution in the U.S. promoted by NextGen Parking with DESIGNA products Abacus Blue Edition and Connect Series systems. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 11 11

LEAD STORY << t t u K s a i h t a / M H b m G M © t r u f k n a r F e s s e M o g a s e a more sustainable and liveable urbanized planet. From November 15 to 17 and under the theme ‘Cities Inspired by People’, over 800 exhibitors, 700 cities and regions and 400 speakers will gather in Barcelona to push together transformation of metropolises world- wide and share knowledge and experiences. Cities from the five continents will send delegations to SCEWC including Amsterdam, Atlanta, Barcelona, Berlin, Boston, Brussels, Buenos Aires, Doha, Frankfurt, Kiev, New York, Paris, Quito, Rey- kjavik, Rio de Janeiro, Roma, Seoul, Stockholm, Sydney, Tel Aviv, Tokyo and Vienna. Likewise, many countries will showcase their latest projects and solutions, among them Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United States. (MaaS), micro-mobility and urban air mobility will be addressed in the program of conferences to be held from 15 to 17 November at Fira de Barcelona’s Gran Via venue. 8 8 www.smartcityexpo.com 8 8 www.tomorrowmobility.com ■ Salon des Maires ■ Smart City Expo World Congress (15–17 NOV 2022, Barcelona) Tomorrow.Mobility World Congress is held in conjunction with the Smart City Expo World Congress, which is now in its eleventh year and has established itself as the world’s leading event on smart cities and solutions. Organized by Fira de Barcelona the SCEWC will bring together the urban innovation ecosystem to outline a plan for (22–24 NOV 2022, Porte de Versailles – Paris) The Salon des Maires et des Collectivités Locales, in partnership with the AMF (Association des maires de France et des présidents d'intercommunalité – Association of Mayors of France and Presi- dents of Inter-municipalities) exists for nearly 20 years – with 1,034 exhibitors, 45,320 participants and 352 speeches. It is the meeting that brings together the largest number of elected officials and re- gional authorities, 59 per cent from the public sector and 41 per cent from private companies. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 1313

LEAD STORY << and enjoys global recognition as a welcoming destination. This, combined with ERTICO’s mission and work on promoting and de- veloping smart mobility services, promises a fantastic programme, innovative live demos and a great experience overall. The ITS European Congress offers a platform for thought lead- ers, developers, entrepreneurs and decision-makers from the trans- port, logistics and IT industries and the academic world to come together to share ideas and progress in smart and sustainable mobil- ity. The event presents a strategic opportunity for all mobility stake- holders to come together, share knowledge, exchange best practices and make the necessary contacts to develop their businesses – with presentations, demonstrations and a huge exhibition, all showcased under one roof. An essential part of the event is the technical pro- gramme, a series of discussion sessions with top mobility experts on key topics and challenges for the transport industry today. 8 8 itseuropeancongress.com ■ Parkex 2023 (6–8 JUNE 2023, Birmingham, UK) Firmly established as Europe’s must attend event, Parkex Traffex at the NEC Birmingham connects 350 exhibitors with over 10,500 transport, traffic and parking professionals and buyers across Venue of the ITS European Congress 2023: Located by the Tagus River, near the historical and cultural heritage area of Belém, a few minutes from the city centre, in an area benefiting from a wide range of transport links, is the Lisbon Congress Centre. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 15 15 m o c . k c o t s r e t t u h S / n o k o t o F ©

to architects to city managers to government agencies, health care centers, universities, airports, and convention centers. IPMI works to advance the parking and mobility profession through profes- sional development, research and data collection, advocacy and outreach, and with experts from around the world in dozens of specialties to make sure parking and transportation function effi- ciently. 8 8 ipmi.parking-mobility.org ■ Intertraffic Istanbul (14–16 JUNE 2023, Istanbul) Intertraffic Istanbul is the ultimate trade and information shar- ing platform for the traffic sector in Turkey, Eurasia and the Gulf region. The exhibition takes place every two years with 83% of the visitors recommending the previous edition. From 14 to 16 June 2023 you can discover new technologies, products, and smart solutions to deal with today’s and tomorrow’s mobility challenges. 8 8 www.intertraffic.com LEAD STORY << Intertraffic Istanbul ■ PARKEN 2023 (28–29 JUNE 2023, Wiesbaden, Germany) PARKEN is Germany’s only exhibition held in tandem with a con- ference that covers the entire spectrum of the parking industry. The patron of the event is the German Parking Association, the event organizer is Mesago Messe Frankfurt GmbH. The exhibition covers the entire spectrum of the parking industry, from car park refur- bishment and cashless payment systems to smart mobility apps. More than 1,600 highly qualified trade visitors on two exhibition days are expected to visit RheinMain CongressCenter in Wies- baden. The German Parking Association Bundesverband Parken e.V. is the initiator and cooperation partner of the event. The association has about 200 private and public member companies who operate more than 1,1 Million parking spaces in more than 3,100 garages all over Germany. More than 120 companies are associate members. Bundesverband Parken e.V. represents the parking sector in Ger- many and reflects all its variety. The association has initiated and supports the trade fair PARKEN and organises a conference on the n first day and a social programme. 8 8 parken.mesago.com Parking trend international no. 4-2022 17 17 Impression of the last PARKEN exhibition from 2019 t t u K s a i h t a / M H b m G t r u f k n a r F e s s e M o g a s e M ©

LEAD STORY << n n a m h c a B & t d i e h c S © APCOA Weil am Rhein/Germany: Ticketless system where the cameras are built into the barriers. APCOA uses the large 55-inch display to show dynamic pricing in addition to number plates. tors to deploy their staff in a more targeted manner and significantly reduce the work- load in day-to-day business. Flexible parking tariffs that are dynami- cally adjusted according to the degree of oc- cupancy directly optimize the result. This also works in combination with the individual pricing of different parking spaces depending on the attractiveness of the location of the parking spaces in the parking garage. For ex- ample, parking spaces closer to the entrances can be more expensive than those further away. On the other hand, cheaper rates can be offered for areas that do not fill well, such as open spaces on the roof of the parking garage. Additional revenue can also be generated via advertising on our large digital signs, e.g. the entrance area is a good location to place the digital sign in the parking garage. When located in the lane area, important messages, such as the recognized license plate number can be displayed in addition to the advertising. Pure web-based payment is a contempo- rary addition which also reduces the amount of hardware available in the facility. Custom- ers who register on our online portal before entering the car parks can drive in and out making it completely frictionless. The con- nection is extremely simple and can be made without additional hardware. Other operator and owner requirements – such as reservation systems or the connection of charging stations for e-vehicles – that is to be provided as additional services can be easily connected via the existing standard interfaces. That's a lot, would you like to make a recom- mendation? Ultimately, it’s the operator’s decision what they would like to offer their customers in line with n e g a r a G g r e b l e d i e H e k r e w t d a t S © their business model. Many therefore start with a gentle changeover, e.g. cameras for license plate recognition are installed first. License plate recognition is initially used for existing long- term parkers and as a supplement for ticketed short-term parkers. The next steps would be to switch to a ticketless system, i.e. using only the license plate as a control medium and retaining the barrier. The certainty that money will con- tinue to be collected as before, without sending out parking tickets, is important to many opera- tors. Other operators have also gone a step fur- ther in removing the barrier. In free flow mode, they manage the flow of money, if necessary via collection agencies and take an additional han- dling fee if payment is forgotten on site. The nice thing about this is that with good signage at the exit, motorists can be informed that subse- quent payment for parking is also possible once they have left the car park. A big advantage is therefore that all our digital products can be in- troduced step by step. Depending on demand, location, audience and willingness to invest. Can the customer further optimize processes during operation? What is still important in operation? With parking garages increasingly operating without staff, it makes sense to always have the monitoring and control system with you. With entervo.smart control, this is a given. There is also growing demand for analytical software modules to evaluate behaviour. Last but not least, rapid response in the event of burglary damage, for example, is becoming increasingly important as the number of cash handling machines decreases. Here, every hour counts to avoid loss of revenue. To this end, top service in the area is more important than ever. How do you see the outlook for 2023? First of all, we all hope that the current global political situation, which is also affecting our industry, will ease again. We will certainly be able to show further developments that will take parking processes to the next level. Hardware will continue to be minimized, intelligent software will become more and more important. In this context, we all need to address issues that have also arrived in parking. The rapidly growing digitization also brings dangers: protection against cyber- attacks, the regular application of security patches and the constant updating of systems will play an increasingly important role. Last but not least, we all have one goal: to make parking as nice and pleasant as possible n for motorists. Thank you for the interesting insight. Free-Flow without a barrier in Heidelberg: owner Hans-Jörg Kraus (left) and Patrick Jelinek, authorised signatory for Stadtwerke Heidelberg Garagen, at the opening of the neighbourhood garage in Campbell Barracks. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 19 19

EPA NEWS << EV Charging Study in Europe Different degrees of development The Erasmus University of Rotterdam conducted research on behalf of the European Parking Association on the state of the art of electric vehicle (EV) charging in Europe, with the goal of showing EU policymakers the strengths and weaknesses of the system and the potential role of the parking sector. Here is a summary of the main findings. How much charging infrastructure is needed will greatly depend on the size of the EV passenger fleet, of course. Its composition differs greatly by country. Northern European countries tend to have the highest proportion of EVs in their fleet, with Norway and lceland being clear outliers at 17% and 7% respectively. At the other end of the spectrum, we see Eastern European countries lagging behind, well below the av- erage of 1.8%. In 2021, 19% of new vehicle registrations were attributed to EVs, with more than 2.2 million battery electric vehi- cles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) sold. Of these new EV registrations, 64% were concentrated in just four countries: Germany, the UK, France, and Norway. Overall, the EV market is still in its earli- er stages of maturity. Several factors have the potential to threaten its growth. The availability of public charging is one of the key challenges that stand in the way of wide- spread EV adoption. It is needed to fulfil driving needs when there are no other pri- vate alternatives, e.g. at home or at the work- place and is essential in alleviating range anxiety and facilitating long distance travel. Charging technology and use cases Over the years, the technology for charging electric vehicles has evolved greatly. The standard connector type used in Europe is Type 2, an AC connector which offers speeds up to 43 kW. For faster charging, CSS is commonly used, although cars such as those produced by Mitsubishi use the CHAdeMO connector which provides pow- er much faster than what today’s EVs can draw in. Chargers are usually classified by their speed from slow with AC output pow- er and capacities below 10 kW to ultra-fast with DC and capacities more than 50 kW. Beneath that, wireless inductive charging is currently being explored. The type and usage of chargers differs mainly with the surrounding area. Typical use cases are: Home, workplace, fleet hub, destinations, transport hubs, on-street and at highways. “We see several trends emerg- ing around the use of charging infrastruc- ture”, explains Dr. Giuliano Mingardo, who presented the study at the 20th EPA Con- gress in Brussels. Charging at home is cur- rently the most common use case, followed by workplace charging. With the growth of the EV fleet, EY analysts expect this trend continues, estimating that in 2035 85 per cent of charging will be done at home and 6 per cent at the workplace. When it comes to the division between semi-public charging points and on-street or highway charging, analysts and experts expect a large role for the former, estimating that 5 per cent of charging will be done at semi-public charg- ing points and 4 per cent on-street and on highways. Along with the growth in EV adoption and use comes a greater demand for elec- tricity to fulfil charging needs. The Interna- tional Energy Agency expects the share of European electricity consumption attribut- able to EVs to grow from 0.3 per cent in 2020 to 3–5 per cent in 2030. Generally, cars are said to be parked for about 95 per cent of their lifetime. The In- ternational Renewable Energy Agency esti- mates that the time needed for an EV to charge makes up 10 per cent of the time it is parked. The remaining 85 per cent represent an opportunity for smart charging to be used to provide flexibility services, to the grid or otherwise. Mingardo: “One could argue that the penetration of smart charging will have consequences on the nature of parking, and accordingly, what it means to provide and operate parking spaces.” Stock of public charging points Interpreting EV to charging point ratios must be done considering several factors. 6 6 p a M e g r a h C n e p O © In 2021, more than 220,000 charging points were recorded – 177 % more than five years prior. 79 % of Europe’s public charging points are concentrated in just five countries. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 21 21 21 6 6 p a M e g r a h C n e p O ©

ESPA Off-Street New rules, regulations and plate design EPA NEWS << The European Standard Parking Award Off-Street (ESPA Off-Street) was intro- duced by the EPA to improve the qual- ity of service, provided by the parking industry to its customers. Regulations have been revised over the last two years by an international working group. In addition, the ESPA panel has been redesigned and now has a green background. Car parks compliant to the ESPA Off- Street invite visitors to enter and leave their car in a trustworthy environment. The ESPA Off-Street is granted to public ac- cessible car parks that meet a set of require- ments of quality to provide safe and comfort- able parking service to the visitors. In addi- tion to the ESPA Off-Street award an ESPA Off-Street Gold award has been defined for exceptional quality of service. Judgement by the national parking associations The Awards can be obtained by car parks that gain a required minimum of points in a check- list that is available at the EPA Secretariat or can be downloaded online. The European Parking Association has delegated the judgement and presentation of the ESPA to its full members, the national parking associations. Thus, opera- tors who are interested in obtaining an ESPA Off-Street for their object should contact their national parking association. The national as- sociations are requested to order the signs at the Secretariat and to inform about the name and address of the awarded car park. Signs are made from acryl glass; measurements are 39,5 cm by 29,5 cm by 1 cm with four circular holes includ- ing four stainless steel mounting parts. The price for a sign is 300 EUR a piece incl. shipping costs for national parking associations that are full members in the EPA. ing facilities, seamless access, digital pay- ments, mobility hubs, comfort and safety, and the integration of sustainability aspects. Also, the ESPA Panel was redesigned and now has a green background. Until Decem- ber 30, 2022 orders based on the previous checklist for the panel with a blue back- ground can still be accepted. The final updated checklist for the Euro- pean Standard Parking Award – Off-Street can be found here: https://www.european- n parking.eu/en/awards/espa-off-street/ Checklist revised by working group In fall of 2020, an international working group was established to review the evalua- tion schedule for the ESPA Off-Street. This revision was necessary to respond to the lat- est urban and mobility developments and their contribution to the quality of parking garages and the services they offer. The working group was formed by parking pro- fessionals and representatives from 8 coun- tries and was chaired by Peter Dingemans, Board member both of EPA and the Dutch parking association VEXPAN. The objective was to revise the ESPA Off- Street checklist in such a way that it remains applicable for all EU countries. The revision process also included the review of the checklist and allocation of points for new functionalities and services such as E-charg- Rules for 2023 With the new checklist, the following rules are valid from January 1st, 2023 on: • As of January 1, 2023 the EPA office will only issue the new signs. Orders based on the previous checklist will not be accepted any more. • The EPA office will process ESPA orders quarterly. This means that the order of ESPA Panels (On- and Off- Street) can be communicated via mail (epa@europeanparking.eu) until a quarterly set deadline (please see next point). Only after the deadline the orders will be processed and the ESPA Panels will be sent to the National Associations. • The order deadlines for 2023 are as follows: – March 31st, 2023 – June 30th, 2023 – September 29th, 2023 – December 22nd, 2023 • The orders will be sent to the national association offices only. The national associations will then organize the distribution to the parking facilities. • The price for an ESPA Panel sign is 300 EUR per sign (including ship- ping cost). • The invoice will be issued via e-mail to the national association. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 23 23

Contact persons General Manager Lars Monsen +47 46634018 lars@norpark.no Education Officer Espen Johansen +47 99388668 espen@norpark.no Lawyer Finn Albert Aurbakken +47 92277053 finn@norpark.no Office Manager Unni Husum-Hogseth +47 90929729 unni@norpark.no so ensure that emergency vehicles, public transport and goods transport are not ob- structed or delayed. Accessible places for people with reduced mobility must also be ensured. Private parking operators must ensure orderly and accessible parking areas off street level. In addition, they ensure that re- served parking spaces are reserved for legiti- mate users. Norpark Board representing public and private sectors Norpark has four full-time employees. Gener- al manager, lawyer, education officer and of- fice manager. Norpark has income from mem- bership fees, courses, consultancy and confer- ences. Budgeted income for 2022 is NOK 9.7 million. The secretariat and general manager are led by a board of 7 people. 5 of the Board members represent municipalities, while 2 members represent the private parking sector. Supplier companies to the industry can be members, but do not have the right to vote at the general meeting, nor can they sit on the association’s board. Norpark was officially founded in 1987. At that time, only municipalities could be members. Later, the association was trans- formed into a trade association where private companies could register. Norpark has a total n of 141 members. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 25 25

BEST PRACTICE << PROMOTION ENTRINGO® parking by Hansab Group Ticketless parking technology in the Baltic countries The success of Licence Plate Recognition (LPR) to access public and private parkings in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Do you know that Estonia is the most advanced digital country in the world? It is not a surprise that Esto- nia is also a country where LPR technolo- gy is being applied to improve access to public and private parkings. LPR also known as ANPR, is the use of specialized cameras that can ‘read’ plate numbers by taking them as an image and then transform such image into text. Once the plate number text is known i.e. 123ABC, a powerful software use the plate number information for smart parking management purposes. One of the main advantages of LPR/ ANPR technology is that it can organize parking access without the use of printed tickets. That means, is a ticketless solution where everything is done digitally. Ticketless parking is getting popu- lar at the Baltic countries because it brings lot of advantages: • Is environmentally friendly without the use of expensive printed tickets • Provides fast access/exit in parkings since there is no need to stop the car to take/in- troduce the ticket creating traffic jams at busy parkings and polluting more • Drivers no longer have stress about losing the parking ticket and paying a fine for that • Since everything is done digitally, parking owners have real time information and accurate data of parking access/exit, fi- nancial information, occupancy rates, creation of reports, monitoring and more. • For Residential buildings, only identi- fied plate numbers of tenants and au- thorized guests can access the parking without the use of RFID cards or re- mote control. This increases security for residents. Indeed, ticketless parking has brought many advantages for drivers and parking owners at the Baltics. Overall, it has pro- vided a positive parking experience. In this field, ENTRINGO® parking is one of the best LRP/ANPR ticketless parking systems. It has been developed by Estonian company HANSAB Group, the Baltic leader in high-tech solutions with +20 years working in parking technology. Reasons to choose ENTRINGO® ✓ Is a complete solution: LPR/ANPR cam- eras + information HD screen + barrier gates + payment kiosk (optional) + user- friendly software for smart parking man- agement ✓ Has advanced algorithms able to read 99% of all plate numbers regardless their format ✓ Its software has a wide range of parking rules for all scenarios of public / private parkings list/blacklist/guest list/different tariff management op- tions/reporting, and much more). (tenants ✓ Thanks to its API, it can be easily inte- grated with other EU apps for online payments, bookings, etc ✓ Is multilingual- the information termi- nal and payment kiosk can display text in any language ✓ All materials are EU certified and work efficiently under any climate conditions ✓ The best quality-price ticketless parking solution in the market – we export worldwide Want to know more? Write us in EN, FR or SP: Gerardo.vera@hansab.ee www.entringo.com // www.hansab.com n Parking trend international no. 4-2022 27 27

INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS << 28 – 29.6.2023 WIESBADEN, GERMANY Parking in Motion Platform for future-oriented solutions in stationary traffic Request your exhibitor documents: parken-exhibition.com/exhibitors Messe Frankfurt Group o v l o V © Rolling energy storage: The new Volvo EX90 can charge and store electricity as well as deliver it. Volvo New EX90 supports bidirectional charging The EX90, launched on 9 November 2022, is the first Volvo model to feature bidirectional charging. This allows the brand’s flagship SUV not only to deliver electricity to external consumers, but can also contribute to load bal- ancing in the energy grid, the manufacturer says. The increased power demand that comes with a growing num- ber of all-electric vehicles can also lead to a significant load on the power grid. Bidirectional charging could provide a reme- dy: Electric cars are transformed into mobile energy storage units that temporarily store electricity and release it when needed. Volvo’s EX90 is designed for this, but initially only in selected markets. The vision behind it: The more electric cars that have the bidirectional charging option, the more frequently peak loads could be balanced out. Olivier Loedel, Head of Electrification Ecosystem at Volvo Cars: “Drivers can use the battery in many ways: They can charge their e-bike when they are out and about, or plug in an outdoor cooking appliance during a weekend camping trip. During expen- sive peak times, even the house can be powered with cheap elec- tricity from the car.” Another variant that could even earn money: While the car is charged cheaply during times when there is a surplus of renewable energy, energy can be sold back during peak times when demand is n higher. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 29

INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS << Nedap Controlled vehicle access for campsites and holiday parks Unwanted visitors and long queues of vehicles at the check-in to holiday parks or campsites is something that managers want to avoid. Nedap is offering MOOV Leisure, a complete access control solution that allows for easy and automatic control of vehicle access. Nedap’s MOOV Leisure is a software module for vehicle access control in recreational environments. MOOV Leisure enables owners to determine the ac- cess policy for their premises in a few simple steps and to manage access rights and pro- files. As a web application, users have remote insight into the solution at any time and from anywhere and no longer have to be present at the gate and control access themselves. MOOV works with almost any type of barri- er or gate, both new and existing, allows for contactless access of vehicles based on license plate or PIN and is seamlessly integrated with online booking systems, automatically realiz- p a d e N © With MOOV Leisure, Nedap offers automatic access to holiday parks and campsites. ing vehicle access from online bookings. “The trend towards automatic contactless check-in of vehicles at holiday parks, camp- sites and motorhome parks will continue due to current staff shortages. MOOV Leisure can reduce the workload on holiday park owners by automating the vehicle access, so they can fully focus on the customer experi- ence,” explains Evelien O’Sullivan, Proposi- tion Manager MOOV at Nedap. Visitors benefit from feeling safe on the premises and from a quick check-in and check-out process preventing long lines at the park entry or exit. That way, the solution is designed to ensure smooth processes es- n pecially during peak times. Design - Build - Service Multi-Storey Car Parks with a System building excellence goldbeck.de

BACK GROUND << BACK GROUND << k c o t s r e t t u h S © Parking for residents in the Stuttgart inner city area has become significantly more expensive. Ministry of Transport Baden-Württemberg Increasing resident parking fees In an accompanying letter to the municipalities in German federal state Baden-Württemberg dated 1 June 2022, the state government provides guidance on the design of fee schedules for resident parking permits. Municipalities can find examples of calculation bases for municipal fee schedules. In order to meet challenges such as steadi- ly growing car traffic, air and noise pollu- tion, rising CO2 emissions, traffic jams, accidents and a lack of quality of life, it is necessary to actively manage stationary traf- fic, according to the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Transport. Strategic parking space management is a proven instrument to actively contribute to climate protection and to relieve public space from car traffic. The introduction of resident parking also actively manages parking space. The previ- ously applicable fee of a maximum of 30.70 Euros per year for the issuance of a resident parking permit was set in 1993 and has not been raised since. According to the ministry, this previously applicable maximum amount represents municipal support for car traffic, as rents for a private parking space in cities tend to be 20 times higher. Changed legal framework The legal situation has changed; cost-cover- ing, flexible pricing of resident parking has been possible since 06.07.2021. The level of charges should be set by the municipalities in Baden-Württemberg according to profes- sional criteria and on the basis of fixed cal- culation principles. A graduation of the resi- dent parking fees is also possible. The fol- lowing criteria, for example, can be appropriately considered for fee differentia- tion: • Size of the parked vehicle • Number of vehicles per household/holder • Location of parking facilities, standard land values; production and maintenance costs for a parking space • Quality of local public transport services • Comparison with prices of private (long- term) parking providers • Availability of parking facilities for people with severe disabilities a m i l l i b o M K z t e n z n e t e p m o K © Residents‘ parking fees in European comparison (all data were current on 22 June 2021) Residents’ parking fees in European comparison The fact that resident parking fees can have a significant impact on sustainable urban de- velopment has already been put into practice outside of Germany. Cities in other European countries show how it can be done: Appro- priate pricing of the spaces made available for residents’ parking has been common practice there for years, see figure. Example: In Basel, the fees for residents’ parking permits were increased from CHF 140 to CHF 284 in 2019. Here, it is explicitly not possible to obtain a “residents’ parking permit” for a second car. Comparison of residents’ parking fees in Baden-Württemberg The discussion about appropriate fee levels for residents’ parking permits is already in full swing in Baden-Württemberg cities as well. Many municipalities have already successfully decided to increase the fees: Freiburg, for ex- ample, has initiated an increase to 360 Euros, Karlsruhe to 180 Euros, Nagold to 160 Euros and Reutlingen to 120 Euros. In Stuttgart, resi- dents of the city zone have already been paying 400 Euros per year since 2015 via an exemp- tion permit from short-term parking charges to unlimited parking. Such an exemption has also been available in Leonberg since 2017 – for 100 Euros per year. Strategic accompanying measures The revenues from residents’ parking fees can be reinvested to expand sustainable mo- bility. Increasing those fees is a push meas- ure that aims to reduce vehicle traffic. How- ever, push measures are only effective and accepted if an adequate alternative mobility offer is available at the same time. The inter- play of push and pull measures has the greatest potential to bring about a climate- friendly choice of means of transport and corresponding CO2 reductions in the mu- n nicipalities. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 33 33

BACK GROUND << Tinbergen Institute discussion paper Residential parking costs and car ownership A paper by the Dutch Tinbergen Insti- tute looks at the impact of parking in residential areas on parking policy. One of the results: Increasing annual parking fees in the city centre leads to a reduction in average car ownership. Tinbergen Institute Tinbergen Institute is the graduate school and research institute in eco- nomics of Erasmus University Rot- terdam, the University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam. Parking has far reaching consequences on urban life. In cities, where land is scarce, the opportunity cost of parking is high as on-street spots compete with pe- destrian, cycling, commercial, residential and recreational uses. Nevertheless, cities devote a substantial amount of space to im- plicitly subsidised parking which may in- duce excess vehicle demand. This raises an important open question, to what extent do parking costs affect vehicle demand in cities? The authors describe their approach: “We address this question by estimating residen- tial parking costs and examining to what ex- tent these costs affect household vehicle de- mand.” Theory indicates that cheap residen- tial parking reduces the costs of owning a car and thereby increases vehicle demand. The researchers focus on the Netherlands and, as a first step, determine the implicit price of parking based on the impact of a private outdoor parking space – which is arguably a near-perfect substitute for an on- street parking space – on house prices. Hence, in the second step, they estimate the effect of residential parking costs on car ownership using variation in residential parking costs between districts. Implications for parking policy Residential parking permits are offered at a fraction of the cost in the Netherlands. Cur- k c o t s r e t t u h S © The municipality of Amsterdam is currently determined to reduce private car ownership and promote more sustainable modes of transportation in the city. One tool at their disposal is permit fees. rently, the highest annual permit fees in the country are in the centre of Amsterdam and cost 500 euros while the market value of a parking permit is around 3,600 euros. In- creasing parking permit fees is likely to in- crease the overall cost of parking in the short term. In the long term, the higher costs are likely to encourage households to give up their cars, resulting in fewer trips. Implications of AVs In the near future, automated vehicles (AVs) may not necessarily require parking which has implications for vehicle demand in cities. The authors identify mainly two scenarios. On the one hand, if households own private AVs and parking costs at the resi- dence are sufficiently high, it is likely that AVs will be parked at locations in the pe- riphery, where parking costs are relatively low. At these locations, parking costs will approximately equal the reservation value of land plus additional costs of traveling to and from the parking area. This is ex- pected to increase car demand by around 8 percent in the centre, 5 percent in the urban ring and there is no change in the periphery. On the other hand, if AVs are shared, then cars will only need to be parked during the evening and parking costs will be almost zero as they are shared between many users. As a result, car demand is predicted to in- crease by around 14 percent in the centre, 11 percent in the urban ring and 5 percent in the periphery. Overall results The abstract of the study is as follows: “Resi- dents are often offered on-street parking at a fraction of the market price which may cause excess car ownership. However, resi- dential parking costs are difficult to observe, so we propose an approach to estimate im- plicit residential parking costs and then ex- amine the effect of these costs on household car ownership. We apply our approach to the four largest metropolitan areas of the Netherlands. Our results indicate that for city centres, annual residential parking costs are around 1,000 euros, or roughly 17 per- cent of car ownership costs. Households facing a one standard deviation (503 €) in- crease in annual parking costs own 0.085 fewer cars on average.” However, the authors qualify that there are high-quality substitutes in the metro- politan areas they studied in the Nether- lands, so that a direct transfer to other areas n should be interpreted with caution. On-street parking permit fees Amsterdam Rotterdam Permit fee(€/year) Centre Urban ring Periphery 500 200 0 70 70 0 The Hague Utrecht 40 40 0 70 30 0 Fees are rounded for illustration purposes and are collected for the year 2018. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 35 35

s c i m o n o c E f o l o o h c S a n a j l j b u L © INTERNATIONAL SOLUTIONS << Quercus Smart parking installations across Europe Business school in Slovenia installs Quercus LPR technology s u c r e u Q © The parking facility of the Ljubljana School of Economics now works with Quercus LPR technology to manage access to and pay- ment of its parking facility via license plate recognition. Quercus’ solution is based on a LPR camera and its proprietary number plate recognition technology. The parking facility of the School of Eco- nomics and Business of the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia’s capital features 350 parking spaces that are available by the hour, day or month with individual or corporate user options. This parking facility forms part of the ParkEF project, the Sustainable Mobility Innovation Center that is being developed by the university with the aim of supporting state-of-the-art transportation options. sustainable, How does this new parking system work? Instead of having students pay for parking facility access on a daily, monthly or quar- terly basis, all they have to do is register in advance, providing certain information such as their vehicle license number and the abbreviation of the school they are enrolled in. That way, the system will recognize their license plate every time they enter the park- ing facility, and they don’t have to go back to the payment terminal until the service plan they have contracted has expired. For occasional users who only need the parking service for a given time, the process is a little different. When they enter the parking facility, the license plate recognition unit will read and store their license plate number in the parking facility system, and access control barriers will automatically be raised. When leaving the facility, users enter their vehicle license plate number in the payment terminal, and then pay for the time they have had their vehicle parked. ANPR access control at Nice airport SmartLPR Access license plate recognition cameras bring a higher level of supervision and security to a parking facility by recog- nizing the license plate of every user who accesses the airport. Every user comes to the parking facility for a specific purpose, whether for short- term stays, several days or long-term, or even access for business or airport staff us- ers. That is why it is vital for this facility to be equipped with an easy-to-use, flexible parking management system that enables different types of access depending on the user accessing the premises. The solution installed by Quercus Tech- nologies uses SmartLPR Access license plate recognition cameras. Drivers who regularly access parking areas, such as anyone work- ing at the airport, provide the parking facil- ity operator with their license number for it to be registered in the database. This way, the employee can enter and exit the parking facility easily, fluidly and without unneces- sary stops. For occasional users, the exit barrier will automatically open once the cameras have read the license number and confirmed that payment for the stay has been made. There is no need to insert any sort of ticket. The system also enables users to reserve a parking space in advance for a period of more than one consecutive day. Once the reservation is made, entry is im- mediately authorized by presenting the code with the license number. s u c r e u Q © Guided parking system for shopping centre in Zlín in the Czech Republic The Zlaté Jablko shopping centre in the Czech Republic has implemented Quercus Technologies’ comprehensive parking solu- tions, featuring a guided parking system with camera-based sensors. The new system will monitor 197 park- ing spaces of this mall, located in the town of Zlín in the East of the Czech Republic. A major visitor draw at the heart of the city, the centre experiences heavy traffic and a high vehicle turnover in its parking garage. The operators therefore decided that a high- precision system such as Quercus’s was the key to optimizing parking operations, doing away with any false positives and improving mobility and automation in the area. To properly deploy the advanced parking guid- ance system, a total of 71 SC Indoor ID parking sensors were installed, enabling li- cense plate detection for vehicles, and con- stant video surveillance of each of the ga- rage’s parking spots. The greatest advantage of Quercus’s detection sensors is that they recognize each vehicle’s license plate and show users the availability of parking spaces in the garage and their type, simply and in- stantly. This reduces the time spent search- ing for an open space. Informative LED panels tell drivers what floor they should access to park their vehi- cle. The software management platform combines all of the data generated in the parking garage regarding the availability of spaces offered by the SC Indoor sensors. This is immediately shown on the panels for users to see where to park in real time. An LPR Area outdoor guidance system was in- stalled in the outdoor parking area. The solutions integrates Quercus’s proprie- tary parking software BirdWatch, which en- ables the analysis of user behaviour based on real-time reports with statistics on high- est visitor volume. This information is vital for shopping malls, as it empowers them to maximize business opportunities and create n permanent improvement strategies. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 37 37

INTERNATIONAL SOLUTIONS << Gdynia in Poland CityScanner cars to control parking payments Two all-electric Nissans equipped with Mobile MultiSensor were deliv- ered to the city of Gdynia to carry out mobile control in paid parking zones. The city of Gdynia near Gdansk had signed a contract for the supply and three-year service of cars with a mo- bile vehicle control system in November 2021. Under this contract, two electric Nis- san Leafs are now on the road to verify that the parked cars have the fee paid. Mobile inspections will be carried out us- ing the two vehicles equipped with a camera system and LIDAR laser sensors. If the fees have not been paid for a parking car, the in- formation will be automatically transmitted to the SPP supervisory system with a set of documentation in order to issue a notice. “Each car will be inspected twice, a few min- utes apart, in order to avoid situations where the driver has just parked and is paying at Mobile cars are controlling parking payment in Gydnia. the parking meter or electronically,” ex- plains Michal Felon, director of the Board of Roads and Greenery in Gdynia (ZDiZ). The vehicle owner will receive the notifi- cation by mail and will then be able to check photos of his vehicle. Payment of the ticket is possible via the internet after pro- viding the registration number and the no- i Z D Z © tification number on the website of the ZDiZ Road and Greenery Authority of Gdynia, by bank transfer and at the cus- tomer service office of the paid parking zone. After calibrating the system for the needs of the ZDiZ Gdynia, regular vehicle checks have started in September, covering the entire SPP area. According to estima- tions, approximately 9,000 vehicles will be scanned every day. “The SPP e-control sys- tem should recognize vehicle registration numbers at a speed that does not interfere with city traffic and operate in all weather conditions. In accordance with applicable law, the system will ensure the anonymisa- tion of the image of all persons and vehicles that will not be affected by the case. In addi- tion to controlling parking fees, the data will be used to measure parking times, and the rotation of parking vehicles or to deter- mine the structure of fees paid,” adds n Michał Felon. France Car parks instead of nuclear power plants According to media reports, the French government passed a bill at the beginning of November 2022 that will make car parks in France supply green energy in the future. From July 2023, all car parks with more than 80 parking spaces will have five years to cover their roofs with solar cells. For car parks with more than 400 parking spaces, a shorter deadline of only three years applies. The French government also requires that operators cover at least half of the car park roofs with solar cells. The only exceptions are car parks for trucks over 7.5 tonnes and parking facilities located near protected areas. The move is part of a larger plan by President Emmanuel Macron to expand the use of renewable energy in France. This en- visages a long-term tenfold increase in the amount of solar energy produced, as well as k c o t s r e t t u h S © A draft law in France provides for car parks to be roofed with photovoltaic systems in the future. a doubling of energy production from on- shore wind turbines. According to the re- port, the parking facilities will support the plan with 11 gigawatts. That is roughly equivalent to the energy produced by ten n nuclear reactors. Parking trend international no. 4-2022 39 39

INTERNATIONAL SOLUTIONS << Miami Beach, Florida: Mixed use building, designed by famous architects Herzog & de Meuron. m o c . k c o t s r e t t u h S / k a m o t o f © k c o t s r e t t u h S © Car elevator of the Porsche Design Tower in Miami © LifeisticAC / Shutterstock.com A sought-after film location is Marina City in Chicago. Los Angeles: Petersen Automotive Museum exterior Parking trend international no. 4-2022 41 41 m o c . k c o t s r e t t u h S / r J d n a w o C t t o i l l E ©

THE information sources for parking professionals • THE trade journal for the German speaking region • THE parking magazine with an European view Parking trend · specialist magazine for parking · independent, objectively and technically sound · average of 6.25 readers per copy, 23,000 in total* · official organ of the European Parking Association (EPA) · international trade journal · editorial team of EPA members and technical editors *Results of a reader survey parken-aktuell.de Parkraum-Management • Konzeption • Technik · the online presence of the magazine · weekly news updates · free e-paper archive M e e t u s at PA R K E N 2 0 23! www.maenken.com